Education as Important as Equipment

by Joseph A. Schneider

Pruning trees is often a complicated procedure that requires arborists to make informed decisions. Sometimes these decisions are not based on how much to prune, but more importantly, on how much to leave on the tree.

Pruning dead branches is relatively simple. When a branch has been dead for an extended period, woundwood and a callus shoulder have formed. That branch may be pruned without injuring newly developing tissue. Woundwood has not developed around a branch that died recently, however where a branch collar cut is appropriate. On the other hand, removing live limbs requires much more thought.

Prior to entering a tree, conduct a visual examination that includes structural and health defects, with an emphasis on the root crown. The root crown, one of the regions most susceptible to infections by pathogens, is an area where injuries to a young tree might develop into cracks when the tree matures. Additionally, grade changes may have had an impact on the root crown due to activities around its mainstem that altered soil levels.

The root crown should always be inspected for signs of infection. One way is by reviewing the bark plates to see that they are consistent as they merge into the soil, as well as by making sure that the grade is at proper level. Determine the proper level by viewing the buttress roots, or the larger portions of the roots, as well as the inserted areas. On hillsides or irregular terrain, you may find that the tree has an inconsistent root pattern. An arborist should learn what a typical root pattern is for a species.

Recognizing poor vitality of the overall leaf mass is also important, since the signs of weakness may be directly related to a root disorder. If large branches have died at the top of the canopy, it may be wise to consider a review of the supporting roots and absorbing root mass before pruning. Pruning may not be the best treatment for a tree that is being affected by pathogens in the root tissue. It is far more important to find the cause of dead branches than simply to cut them off.

Arborists must be able to correct problems within the tree's environment if we are to maintain that tree's health. A tree will only perform as well as its environment allows.

A tree worker needs a comfortable environment in which to make decisions, a process that comes from proper education. Comfortable decision-making is strengthened by having suitable tools. As employers, too often we do not take enough time to appropriately outfit the arborists that work for us. Or we may not educate an apprentice who is anxious to absorb all aspects of arboriculture. As professionals, we must be committed to providing a safe workplace for our employees and outfitting them with the current tools. The proper tools of knowledge are just as vital and can only be obtained by reinforcing a continuing education.

or write Joseph A. Schneider at:
Pacific Tree Care, P.O. Box 34 Calistoga, Napa Valley, California 94515